A chemist who became the republic’s fiercest general
He was a pharmacist with a doctorate from Madrid, a fencer and a writer. When war came with the United States he became the most feared general of the First Philippine Republic — feared by the enemy, and by some of his own side. You are Antonio Luna.
Antonio Luna was born in Binondo, Manila, on 29 October 1866, the youngest brother of the painter Juan Luna. He earned a doctorate in pharmacy in Madrid, did research in Paris and wrote for La Solidaridad as “Taga-ilog”. Jailed in 1896 and exiled to Spain, he studied military science in Belgium and returned in 1898 to serve the revolution. As chief of war operations he founded a military academy and imposed hard discipline on the army. In the war with the United States he led the defense of central Luzon, at Caloocan, Calumpit and Santo Tomas, and made enemies among officers he punished. On 5 June 1899, summoned to Cabanatuan, he was killed there by soldiers of the Kawit company he had once disarmed. Who ordered the killing has never been settled; Aguinaldo denied any part, and no one was convicted. An American general called him the ablest leader of the Filipino republic.
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